[Some aspects of the organization and analysis of the performance of the orthodontic service in Ryazan and the Ryazan region]. / Nekotorye aspekty organizatsii i analiz pokazatelei ortodonticheskoi pomoshchi v Ryazani i Ryazanskoi oblasti.

OBJECTIVE: Conducting a retrospective analysis of the indicators of orthodontic care provided in Ryazan and the Ryazan region from 1999 to 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the study, institutions providing orthodontic care were divided into three levels of dental organizations. Level 1 medical care centers provide assistance to residents of districts of the region, the results of the work of clinics located in 2 districts of the region were analyzed for the period since 2005 to 2017. Level 2 StMO includes state dental clinics and private dental clinics in the city of Ryazan, where you can get orthodontic care. The work of state structures was analyzed from 1999 to 2011 with a step of 3 years, from 2011 to 2017. - yearly. Level 3 SMEs include specialized departments of universities, where only consultative and diagnostic assistance is provided. An analysis was made of the orthodontic pathology with which the patients treated, as well as an analysis of the orthodontic equipment used for treatment during the study period. RESULTS: The prevalence of AFA among the child population of the region's districts is at the level of 80.10±0.68%, fixed equipment is used 3 times more often in level 1 SMO than in level 2 SMI, and removable equipment is used only 10-20% less often. in the SMC and levels 1 and 2, the main part of the contingent is the child population (97.7-99.1% and 67.82-0.63%, respectively), but in the region for this type of assistance, the appealability among patients over 18 years of age is 10% less than in the city. CONCLUSION: The data obtained indicate the need for changes in the structure of orthodontic care. It is required to allocate at least 2 rates of an orthodontist in each district to provide assistance to the population living in the Ryazan region.

Survey of ground beetles inhabiting agricultural crops in south-east Kazakhstan.

Ground beetles (Carabid beetles) may be found in virtually all of the world's habitats. They are one of the three most diverse families of extant beetles, with 34,275 species documented, and they serve as vital ecological markers in all environments. Edaphic living beetles catch and eat a wide variety of arthropods that live in the soil. In the case of weeds, most of the ground beetles eat their seeds and help regulate their populations. The findings of a field study in agrocenoses in South-East Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2020 are presented in this article. Twenty-seven ground beetle species from 9 genera were discovered as a consequence of the study. 670 soil traps yielded a total of 1012 beetles. Polytopic mesophilic beetles provide the foundation of the agrocenoses fauna. Hygrophils, mesophiles, and eurybionts are among the beetles found in irrigated areas, as are mixed and herbivorous species. The Carabidae family of beetles is the most numerous in fields and steppe settings. As a result, mixed-diet beetles can be found depending on the habitat and air temperature. The species of beetles in all fields in the investigation area are in accordance with the insects' complex. During the growth season, the diet of beetles shifts: predatory beetles take precedence initially, followed by mixed-diet beetles.

[The quality of life of patients after orthodontic treatment depending on the use of different types of retention appliances]. / Kachestvo zhizni patsientov posle ortodonticheskogo lecheniya v zavisimosti ot ispol'zovaniya razlichnykh vidov retentsionnykh apparatov.

AIM: To assess the impact of the type of retention device on the quality of life of orthodontic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 311 patients were divided into four groups according to age. At the end of active orthodontic treatment, retainers were installed. After 6 months, a questionnaire was conducted using the standard OHIP-14 questionnaire in order to identify the attitude to the equipment used, the presence or absence of relapses and satisfaction with the state of the dental system. RESULTS: The number of relapses in all groups is approximately at the same level, which indicates almost equal opportunities for retainers to retain the achieved result. There is no correlation between the convenience of using a particular type of retainer and the willingness to do so. CONCLUSION: The motivation of patients to use removable or non-removable retention devices to a certain extent depends not only on the type of retainer, but also on the age at which the treatment was performed.

EFFECT OF SMOKING STEAM COCKTAILS ON THE HARD TISSUES OF THE ORAL CAVITY.

The aim of the research was to study the impact of smoking steam cocktails on dental status. The study of dental status was carried out by means of a questionnaire, a detailed survey and a clinical examination of patients. The questionnaire was used to determine the level of evaluation of motivation to quit smoking. During the survey of patients, the subjective state of the oral cavity was determined, namely, the presence of dryness of the oral cavity, unpleasant smell, burning sensation, pain in the tongue, impaired taste sensations, and whether there was a metallic taste. Then an external examination was carried out, an examination of the vestibule of the oral cavity, an examination of the dentition itself. The intensity of dental caries was determined. According to the results of the survey, it is clear that the motivation to quit smoking is low. Data from the study in patients who use and do not use smoking mixtures showed that the intensity of caries sharply worsens depending on the length of smoking. The obtained data indicate an increase in inflammatory and destructive changes in the hard tissues of the teeth.

A STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF NON-CARIOUS DENTAL LESIONS RELATED TO PRODUCTION FACTORS IN RESIDENTS OF THE CITY OF PENZA.

The aim of the study was to study the current problems of non-carious dental lesions in residents of Penza, depending on the influence of production factors. In the structure of non-carious lesions, there is a large group of diseases (and injuries) of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, cement), which have their various clinical manifestations, the occurrence and development of which is not directly related to the microbial factor, unlike carious lesions. Such diseases are enamel and dentin hypoplasia, fluorosis, wedge-shaped defect, etc. All these diseases can be manifested by spotting, expressed to varying degrees on permanent and temporary teeth, which sometimes complicates the differential diagnosis with the initial stages and causes a significant aesthetic defect. Thus, the identification and treatment of non-carious lesions in practical dentistry is undoubtedly an urgent task. The team of authors conducted a dental examination of 350 patients from among adult residents of Penza and the Penza region aged from 20 to 60 years of the main professional groups of the region (working at enterprises of heavy and medium machinery, in the timber processing industry, engaged in agriculture). As a result of the study it was revealed that the Penza region is endemic for fluorosis, in connection with which there are high prevalence rates of fluorosis and hypoplasia of teeth. At the same time, respondents working in the machine-building and timber processing industries have a slightly lower prevalence, which is associated with large proportions of the foreign population (persons born and raised in other regions). At the same time, the influence of production factors on the incidence of different types of non-carious dental pathology in respondents working in the machine-building and timber processing industries of the Penza region was established. This mainly concerned non-carious diseases that occur after teething-pathological abrasion of teeth, wedge-shaped defect, multiple cracks of enamel.

[The experimental clinical substantiation of treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmon of maxillofacial area using Dаlargin in complex therapy.]

The patients with odontogenic phlegmon of maxillofacial area suffer from immune depression at the surgical stage of treatment that can unfavorably affect their rehabilitation. The study analyzes possibility of application of medication Dalargin in complex treatment of patients during post-operation period. The experimental study established components of immune system affected by medication. Thereupon, Dalargin was applied in clinical practice of treatment of patients with course of disease of average severity. The study proved immunomodulatory characteristics of Dalargin effecting various fractions of sub-populations of lymphocytes and manifesting by way of decreasing of initially high indices and increasing of initially low indices that is of great importance during treatment of patients with odontogenic hormones, especially in case of severe course of disease.

[The characteristics of crystallization of mixed saliva in patients using heroin and methadone.]

According many publications, rate and severity of various diseases of oral cavity are significantly increasing in drug-dependent patients. One of drugs using in many countries as a substitution therapy is methadone. However, last research data testifies that negative effect of methadone on human organism in general is more expressed as compared with case of heroin. So, significance is acquired by those studies that testify pathological alterations in organs and systems of patients, including effect on oral cavity. The article presents the results of analysis if crystallography of biological fluids of drug-dependent patients using heroin and methadone. Te study established dependence of character of growth of crystals from type of used drug.

[Dental 3d level simulators in the study of local anesthesia]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniya simulyatorov 3 urovnya realistichnosti v stomatologii na primere izucheniya metodov provodnikovogo obezbolivaniya.

The purpose of the study was to develop a training protocol for local anesthesia in dental students. The study involved 90 2d year dental school students divided into 3 groups according to procedure training method: on skeletal preparations; by «Typodont¼ simulator and by combination of methods. Manipulation effectiveness criteria in skeletal preparations was penetrating the mandibular foramina by isolation of the corresponding region by latex scarf. In «Typodont¼ the effective injection was determined by light and sound signals. The results showed the necessity for combined approach as it gives an opportunity to identify mandible foramina by projecting on soft tissue marks with further skills developing on the simulator. When using the combined approach only 4 students successfully completed their task by initial injection while at the second attempt only 4 were not successful.

[Factors of individual radiation sensitivity in caries prevalence in population of radiation polluted regions].

Analysing dental diseases prevalence in population of radiation polluted regions after the Chernobyl accident, one should take into account not only the level of the soil contamination with radionuclides but also factors of individual sensitivity to radioactivity, main of which is the age of the exposed person.

[Remote effects of the Chernobyl accident: evaluation of the maxillodental status of the children]. / Otdalennye posledstviia Chernobyl'skoi katastrofy: otsenka sostoianiia zubocheliustnoi sistemy detei.

Examinations of children exposed to the Chernobyl factor showed deterioration of the maxillodental status, presenting as a decrease in the incidence of normal-for-age status in comparison with children from the control group. The incidence of dental abnormalities in children whose parents participated in the Chernobyl accident aftermath is increased by 240,09%. The determination of remote effects of the Chernobyl accident for the health status of Russian children requires a differentiated approach and deserves a special study.

[Summing up the 5-year monitoring of morphology and function of the stomatognathic system in children exposed to radiation]. / Analiz rezul'tatov 5-letnego monitoringa morfofunktsional'nogo sostoianiia zubocheliustnoi sistemy u detei, podvergshikhsia radiatsionnomu vozdeistviiu.

Monitoring of the maxillodental system in children born and living in regions contaminated by radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident was carried out in 1997-2002 within the framework of Federal Program "Children of Russia", section "Chernobyl Children". Analysis of 5-year changes in the maxillodental morphology and function showed a trend to improvement: the prevalence of normal-for-age status increased and the parameters of maxillodental function normalized.

[The morphological status of the maxillodental system in children living in an area contaminated by radionuclides as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Morfologicheskoe sostoianie zubocheliustnoi sistemy detei, prozhivaiushchikh v raione, zagriaznennom radionuklidami v rezul'tate avarii na ChAES.

The present study has been done in the framework of federal programme "Children of Chernobyl" with the aim to determine spread and structure of dental jaw abnormalities in children born and living in the radiation polluted regions after Chernobyl accident in 1986. 183 children have been examined in Donskoi town of Tula Province with the polluted soil by Cs-137 up to 5 Ci/km. All the examined children were divided into 2 groups: group 1--born in 1980-1986 and group 2--born in 1987-1994. It was determined that 76.5% of children have dental jaw system abnormalities. The most spread ones were occlusion abnormalities in combination with teeth abnormalities (28.9% cases) while the state of dental jaw system corresponding to the age standard was 2 times rarer in children born after the Chernobyl accident.